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Northern littoral of Natal
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Environment
 The ecosystems   | Environment projects   | Environment actor   | Education

 
The ecosystems of Rio Grande do Norte
The ecosystems in the state
The vegetation is directly connected to the climatic factors and to the type of ground and relief.

In the Rio Grande do Norte, they are are represented in the form of 7 ecosystems (ecological atmospheres), which have all a function, but are nevertheless, subjected to the attack, mainly from the man.

The result is a strong decrease of the primitive vegetable cover, bringing in certain zones a decline of the biodiversity and the desertification.
Caatinga
Name of a native forest with a Tupi origin 'Mato Branco' due to its appearance in the dry period.

This vegetation characterizes the region with semi-arid climate, and which represents 80% of the vegetable state cover, predominating on rocky grounds.

Formed of bushes and small trees, it can be decorated with leaves during the rare rainy periods.
 
The local fauna is mainly constituted by small animals adapted to the difficult conditions: armadillo, small rodents called preá, marmosets and other primates and dears, some threatened with extinction.

Attacks and damages and rôle of the Caatinga:
Slash and burn fields and the use of the caatinga wood, among others, for the ceramic factories provoked a grave deforestation and created a major environmental probleme.
Atlantic rain Forest
This ecosystem (mata atlântica) was formed by the association between vegetables and animals which occupied all the Easthern Brazilian coast.

The 'mata atlântica' in the state of Rio Grande do Norte extended previously from Baía Formosa to Maxaranguape, on 3000 km2, 6% of the state area.

It is nowadays restricted to small strips on the coast which count 840 km2.
 
Main areas of conservation of the 'Mata Atlântica': ' Mata Estrela' of Baia Formosa, 'Santuário Ecológico' of Tibau do sul, 'Floresta Nacional' of Nísia Floresta, 'Escola das Dunas' of Pitangui, 'Parque das Dunas' of Natal.

This ecosystem constitutes one of the biggest biological varieties of the planet. Its fauna and flora are specific and thus correspond to rare sorts that are threatened with extinction. The flora: 'Pau-Brasil', 'Jatobà', 'Maçaranduba', 'Gameleira', 'Sapucaia', 'Peroba', 'Sucupira', 'Anescla'. The fauna, the monkey 'Guariba', the birds as the 'Choca Barrada', 'Beija flor', 'Aracuà', 'Pintor Verdadeiro', the reptiles 'Bico-Doce' and 'Tejuaçu', the herbivores insects, tree-dwelling spiders and ants 'Tocandira', one of the biggest in the world.

Attacks and damages and rôle of the Mata Atlântica:
The deforestation of 'Mata Atlântica' start at the beginning of colonial period, with the extraction of 'Pau Brasil', then with the sugar cane production, and by the use of its wood in the construction and the furnishing. Besides the conservation of the especies, the preservation of this ecosystem is essential for the fertility of grounds, the protection of the dunes from erosion and climate of the cities.
Cerrado - floresta de Tabuleiro
Constituted of trees (Caju, Mangabeira, Lixeira, and Capim) tortuous, scattered, inserted by a lower vegetable cover, the tabuleiro occupies the low trays of the coast in strips of land often associated with the other vegetations as the caatinga.

This ecosystem is present in the Northeast of the state, region of Touros.
 
Attacks and damages and rôle of the Floresta de Tabuleiro:
Destroyed by the human needs and the cultures of sugar cane, coconut and caju, this ecosystem is still present in the northeast of the state, region of Touros.
Floresta das Serras
The mountains 'Serras' with their high and oblique grounds present an ecosystem very diversified, characterized on summits wet forests of big trees, 'Floresta das Serras'.

In the caatinga, it is represented by Perreiros, Marmeleiros, Aroeiras and in Mata Atlântica by Mulungus and Jatobás. The fauna is constituted by numerous sorts of birds (Gavião pé-de-serra, Concriz, Rolinhas and Juritis). sea. You can find them in the regions of Cunhaù, Nísia Floresta, on Potengi, but also in the North: Apodi, Açu and Galinhos...
 
Attacks and damages and rôle of the Floresta das Serras:
In this place the fauna and the flora are threatened by the men’s action.
Ciliary forest of Carnaúba
Vegetation formed by palm trees Carnaúba, which can be meet in the wet low zones and the margins of streams (as Apodi, region of mossoró and Piranhas, region of Açu).

It appears in the form of big trees, isolated or grouped which dominate a vegetation flat or little tilted sandy grounds or on cultivated plains.
 
Attacks, damages and rôle of the Floresta Ciliaire Carnaùba:
Its destruction was important because of the construction of water resumption for the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves dam, the exploitation of its wood, but also its ground for the tropical fruits production.

The Carnaúba, called 'Tree of the Providence' or 'Tree of life' is one of Sertão typical plants, main source of raw material of indians Tupi. The wax which dress the leaves is used in the wax manufacturing (manufacturer and domestic) but also of film rollers of photos, carbon paper and soaps. The straw is used in the preparation of hats, baskets and sweeping brushes, its trunk serving for fences, roofs and its leaves to cover the roof. Its fruit serves as the food. Its roots for medicines, Its seeds are pressed and used as drinks.
Vegetation of Beaches and Dunes
This vegetation is present on all the state coastal.

Dunes far away from the beach contain in their summit a vegetation of shrubs, sometimes thinned out, sometimes dense.

Shrubs: Guajiru, plants: Bredo of Praia, Parsley (Salsa-Roxa) and Plums (Ameixa).
 
Attacks,damages and rôle of the Beaches and Dunes Vegetation:
The vegetation of dunes is a fragile ecosystem often compromised by the man action, and nevertheless the main part in the survival of this one and in its villages thanks to the restraint of water, the drainage and the resistence to the erosion and winds. The dunes not fixed provoke the blocking with sand of rivers and lakes.
Mangrove swamps
This ecosystem typical of tropical regions consists essentially of shrubs, vegetation of transition, between the ground and marine environment (rivers, lagoons, bays) which lives in flat zones, rocked at the rate of tides, bathed successively by fresh water of rivers and salty waters of the sea. Rich in organic materials.

You can meet there many sorts: Manso, Ratinho, Vermelho or Sapateiro Mangrove.
 
The wealth of these waters make an environment of a rich fauna in animal as crabs (caranguejos ), oysters (ostras), shrimps (camarões), mollusks and various fishes which come to reproduce by leaving their eggs until the future youngs can get back to the sea. You can find them in the regions of Cunhaù, Nísia Floresta, on Potengi, but also in the north : Apodi, Açu, Galinhos...
 
Attacks,damages and rôle of the mangrove swamps:
Protected by the law this vegetation is still destroyed for the benefit of the ponds of shrimps culture. Close to cities the mangrove is used as garbage dumps.

Why mangrove swamps are necessary:
. Important rôle purifier of the environment
. Place of reproduction of the marine and ground animal life
. Subsistence and supply of fishermen's communities.
. Rôle of ground fixation on the coast, preventing the erosion.
. The roots of mangroves work as filter of keeping back of sediments.
. Genetic bank for recovery of degraded zones

 
Environmental projects
 
The state possesses great natural resources which must be protected from the attacks, mainly human. Certain number of actions was and are made by the state government, protection associations and private initiatives: parks, sea turtles conservation and disclosure on web sites of information concerning the environment and the protection of the fauna and the flora.

 
Environmental Portal of the university UFRN of Natal
Information published by the environment division – DMA. Support for the setting up of the UFRN environmental politics.
 
Correio Ambiental
Articles about environment on the dailynewspaper 'Correio da Tarde'
 
Learn to be CitizenRN
Awareness the citizens through talkings, meetings, and also all kind information. Dial Citzens, e-mail and on line version, trying to make their rights to be done.
 
School of Dunes of Pitangui
Education, Culture and Ecology.
The project associates government and private educational organisms.
Escola das Dunas, R. Zeferina Lopes, S/N - Pitangui, Tel: 84 3226-2111
 
Santuário Ecológicoof Tibau-Pipa
Reserve of 60 secondary vegetation hectares, conservation place with the fauna and the flora of the Tibau-Pipa region.
 
Mata Estrelaof Baia Formosa
Bigger space in the state occupied by the Atlantic Rain Forest, 'Mata Atlântica'.
 
Parque das dunasof Natal
Second bigger Brazilian urban park after the 'Parque da Tijuca' in Rio de Janeiro.
 
Parc of the Pirangi cajueiro
Pirangi possesses the biggest cashew tree of the world.
 
Preservation of Sea Turtle - Marco beach
Awareness for the environmental protection and development sustainable. Project of the pousada Arrail do Marco - IBAMA - Inhabitants and Cauã friends.
 
World - 8 manners to change the world
Declaration of the Millennium approved by the United Nations in September, 2000.

 
Organisms, associations and the Ngo
 
They are the actors of the strength to be developed for a radical change about the man attitude in front of the nature, by an awareness, an environmental education and an active participation in this change: the citizenship.

They have the role to organize actions and to make become aware through of :
 
Support for the initiatives in the implementation of sustainables and responsible environmental practices, through consciousness and scattering of the information in schools, communities, and companies.
 
Programs of collective mobilization to stimulate the recycling and the re-use of materials.
 
Actions of voluntarism in the community with focus on the population education and sensitization with direct interference in associations and representative organisms , schools, parks, reserves, etc....
 
Support to research projects and formation on the environment and promotion of internal or local competitions which stimulate the debate and the individual awareness on the environment and the collaboration importance of everyone.
 
Eco-business promotion, which protects by creating work and salary by improving the life quality the populations. As the programs development in partnership with residues treatment, trying to invert the result in favour of destitute communities.
 
Source: www.nospodemos.org.br
Órgãos
SEMARH
State Secretariat of the Environment and the Hydriques Resources
Tel: 3232-2400 * R. Dona Maria Câmara, 1884 - Capim Macio
 
IDEMA
Institute of the Environmental Protection
 
IBAMA
Brazilian Institute of the Environment and the Natural Replaceble Resources.
Acts in the federal preservation unities, national parks, reserves, etc.... Make the fiscalization of the infra structural works, forests and wild animais.
 
SEMURB
Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente e Urbanismo de Natal.
Maps and pictures of the Natal of today and yesterday
Associações e Ongs : Organizações não-governamentais
WWF-Brasil
Not governmental Brazilian institution integrated into the biggest world network of nature preservation and present in projects of partnership with the regionals NGO.
 
Portal of the voluntarism on the state
Stimulate people, organizations and companies to contribute to the improvement of the life quality in Rio Grande do Norte.
 
Portail of voluntarism in Brazil
The opportunities in every state, reports, news, diary.
 
Portal Ambiente Brasil

 
Environmental education
Rules to be a responsible traveler
Inquire about environmental situation of the destination before travelling, it is only informed that you can act in consciousness.
 
Be sensitive to respect the culture of the local communities, do not be an invader.
 
Know closely the work of the NGO and the local institutions which dedicate in the environmental conservation.
 
In opened spaces, does not walk in line for avoid to damage the ground and prefers the small groups up to 10 persons.

 
Be silent in the activities in the nature, mainly in the places with many animals.
 
Do not touch wild animals, do not approach them too much and do not feed them.
 
Never throw garbage except garbage cans, and, to the beach or in the campaign leave nothing behind you.
 
Avoid the high season, more people, bigger is the environmental impact.
 
Remove nothing of the nature, even a branch fallen on the ground.
 
Do not use products as solar defenders and anti-mosquitoes to swim or dive.
 
Choice the hotel, which has a good behavior in connection with the environment.
Regras para ser um cidadão responsavel
Never throw rubbish outside the garbage cans, and on the beach
leave nothing behind you.
 
Look for the existence of the selected garbage collection.
 
For the garbage, use bin liners and not plastic bags of supermarkets. For the shopping, avoid at most the use of the plastic bags supplied in cash desks.
 
Economize the electrical energy
Electric shower : during warmer days, put it in the position 'summer'. During soaping or teeth brushing, close the tap. Clean periodically the openings of the water exit.

Refrigerador / Freezer : Prefer the models with the stamp ' Procel' of energy saving. Arrange the device in a ventilated place, in minimum 15 cms of the wall and taken away from oven and from zones exposed to the sun. Guard or removes food at one time and for a short duration. Do not put inside it warm food.

Washing machine : Use it with the maximum clothes capacity indicated by the supplier. Maintain always clean the filter. Use only the quantity of correct soap not to repeat the wringing.

Bulbs : avoid switching on them during the day. Choose the compact or circular fluorescent bulbs, they illuminate better and have a durability at least 5 times bigger and spend less energy. Switch off the lights when you go out of a room.

Television : Switch off the TV if nobody looks at it. Avoid sleeping with the TV on.

Computer : Do not leave printers and the other accessories connected without necessity. Configure the computer’s screen monitor to switch off after a time of inactivity.

Air-conditioning : Maintain doors and windows closed when the device in working. Avoid the excessive cold, by regulating the thermostat. Clean filters at least once in the month.


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